Read this situation: Read in English only
Yesterday Miss. Sophea went to join a
friend’s birthday. Her friend, Mr. Chandara , wanted to meet her at the
birthday party in that they had not met each other for a few months.
Unfortunately, when Mr. Chandara got there, Miss. Sophea had left for
home already. So they both didn’t meet.
ម្សិលមិញ កញ្ញា
សោភាបានទៅចូលរួមពិធីខួបកំណើតរបស់មិត្តម្នាក់។ មិត្តរបស់នាង លោក ចាន់ដារ៉ា
ចង់ទៅជួបនាងនៅឯពិធីនោះ ពីព្រោះពួកគេមិនជួបគ្នាជាពីរ បីខែហើយ។ គួរឪ្យស្ដាយ ពេលលោក
ចាន់ដារ៉ា មកដល់ កញ្ញា សោភាបានចាកចេញទៅផ្ទះទៅហើយ។ ដូចនេះ
ពួកគេមិនបានជួបគ្នាទេ។
@
The underlined phrase is called the past perfect simple.
This is the way the past perfect simple is
formed:
ឃ្លាគូសបន្ទាត់ពីក្រោមជាកាល past perfect simple។
យើងបង្កើតទម្រង់ the past perfect simple ដូចនេះ៖
(Positive) S+ HAD+ V3 (past
participle) +...
Note: The auxiliary verb “had”
is used with all persons.
ប្រើកិរិយាសព្ទជំនួយ “had”
ជាមួយប្រធានទាំងអស់។
Example:
Subject
|
aux
|
past
participle
|
|
I,You, We, They
|
had
|
seen
|
her before.
|
learned
|
a lot before the exam
|
||
He, She, It, Dave
|
had
|
gone
|
home
|
stayed
|
here
|
·
ខ្ញុំ
អ្នក យើង ពួកគេ បានឃើញនាងពីមុនមក។
រៀនច្រើនមុនពេលប្រលង។
·
គាត់
នាង វា លោក Dave បានទៅផ្ទះហើយ។
បានស្នាក់នៅទីនេះ។
(Negative) S + had +NOT + V3 (past participle) + ...
Example:
Subject
|
aux
|
past
participle
|
|
I,You, We, They
|
hadn’t
(had not)
|
seen
|
her before.
|
learned
|
a lot before the exam
|
||
He, She, It, Dave
|
hadn’t
(had not)
|
gone
|
home
|
stayed
|
here
|
· ខ្ញុំ អ្នក យើង ពួកគេ មិនបានឃើញនាងពីមុនមកទេ។
មិនរៀនច្រើនទេមុនពេលប្រលង។
·
គាត់
នាង វា លោក Dave មិនបានទៅផ្ទះទេ។
មិនបានស្នាក់នៅទីនេះទេ។
(Question) (wh-word) +had + S+ V3 (past participle) +...?
Example:
(Wh-word)
|
aux
|
S
|
V3
|
|
Where
|
had
|
you
|
met
|
her?
|
Had
|
she
|
learned
|
before the exam?
|
|
Why
|
had
|
they
|
stayed
|
here?
|
(Short answer)
Yes/No question
|
short answer(+)
|
short answer(-)
|
Had you met them?
តើអ្នកបានជូបពូកគេទេ?
|
Yes, I had
បាទ/ចាស ខ្ញុំបានជួប
|
No, I hadn’t
ទេ ខ្ញុំមិនបានជួបទេ
|
Had she stayed here?
|
Yes, she had
|
No, she hadn’t
|
Note:
You need to be aware of the past participle
of certain verbs and the formation of
Ed-spelling of the regular verbs in order to use this tense correctly because
this tense is formed with a past participle.
អ្នកត្រូវដឹងអំពីទម្រង់កិរិយាសព្ទខ្ទង់ទី៣
របស់កិរិយាសព្ទផ្សេងៗ និងការបង្កើតទម្រង់ Ed-spelling របស់កិរិយាសព្ទមានរបៀប ដើម្បីប្រើកាលនេះបានត្រឹមត្រូវ
ពីព្រោះកាលនេះត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងជាមួយកិរិយាសព្ទខ្ទង់ទី៣។
How to use the past perfect simple
1. To
express an action which finished before another action in the past
ដើម្បីបង្ហាញពីសកម្មភាពមួយដែលបានបញ្ចប់មុនសកម្មភាពមួយទៀតក្នុងអតីតកាល
Note:
Usually, when the past perfect simple is used,
two actions are mentioned. The past perfect simple marks the action which happens
before the action used in the past simple.
ជាធម្មតា ពេល the past perfect
simple ត្រូវបានគេប្រើ
សកម្មភាពពីរត្រូវបានលើកមកនិយាយ។ the past perfect simple បញ្ជាក់ពីសកម្មភាពដែលបានកើតឡើងមុនសកម្មភាពដែលប្រើក្នុង the past simple ។
·
Unfortunately,
when Mr. Chandara got there, Miss. Sophea had left for
home already= Sophea left for home before Chandara got there.
·
He passed the exam
because he had prepared well.
=He prepared before the exam took plae.
2.
To explain why something happened in
the past
ដើម្បីពន្យល់អំពីអ្វីមួយដែលបានកើតឡើងក្នុងអតីតកាល។
· I had seen it ,so I did not want to see it anymore
ខ្ញុំបានមើលវាហើយ ដូចនេះ
ខ្ញុំមិនចង់មើលវាទៀតទេ។
·
Mr.Sithol had had sale
tactics, so he could earn a lot.
លោកស៊ីថុលមានយុទ្ធវិធីក្នុងការលក់
ដូចនេះគាត់អាចចំនូលបានច្រើន។
3. To
talk about our past wish which wasn’t achieved
ដើម្បីនិយាយអំពីបំណងអតីតកាលដែលមិនបានសម្រេច។
· Mr. Bora had wanted to marry before he was 29,
but he couldn’t afford to.
លោក បូរ៉ាចង់រៀបការមុនគាត់អាយុ២៩
ប៉ុន្តែគាត់មិនមានប្រាក់គ្រាប់គ្រាន់។
· He had hoped to get
an oversea scholarship, but his mother didn’t want him to go away.
គាត់សង្ឃឹមថាបានទទួលអាហារូបករណ៍បរទេស
ប៉ុន្តែម្ដាយរបស់គាត់មិនចង់ឪ្យគាត់ចេញទៅឆ្ងាយទេ។
4. The
past perfect simple is used as a part of third conditional.
ត្រូវបានប្រើជាផ្នែកនៃប្រយោគលក្ខខណ្ឌទី៣
·
I would have
told you about the answer if I had known it.
Thanks for reading!
u should add exercise, to practise.
ReplyDeleteHi, kear sophos, i give the link below the lesson, if u wish to do exercise , simply click the link.
Delete